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DNA Testing-Family Linkage testing to establish real relationships

Posted On : Dec-12-2011 | seen (486) times | Article Word Count : 416 |

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DNA Testing is a definite technique with whose help on one hand the forensic experts or scientist are able to identify individuals by matching respective DNA profiles and on the other hand very importantly this technique is very successfully employed in determining family or parental linkage.

DNA is basically string like material in the cells that governs inheritance of eye color, hair color, stature, bone density and many other human and animal characters. This type of testing became full proof with the invention of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. This particular technique provided the scientist and the medical world the ability to recover maximum amount of information from very small starting samples. In this regard the application STR or Short Tandem Repeats analysis also proved to be quite successful. This analysis uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA. It can also be used to discriminate between unrelated individuals.

Parental testing is basically the process of using genetic fingerprinting to determine whether two individuals have a biological parent child relationship. It establishes the genetic proof as to whether a man is the biological father of a child on the other hand a maternity test establishes whether a woman is the biological mother of a child. This type of testing had been found to be more accurate than the old ABO blood group typing and analysis of various proteins and enzymes. The current PCR technique as mentioned earlier been successfully applied for identification of biological parental linkage. The test also referred to as Probability of Parentage, where the result is 0% then the alleged parent is not biologically related to the child and when the probability percentage is just higher than 99% then the biological relation is established.

The DNA Profiling process begins with collection of particular sample known as reference sample. The most popular and tested method to collect such sample is the ‘Buccal Swab’ method which reduces the incidence of any contamination. When such method cannot be applied due absence of Court order, the other alternative way to collect the samples is from blood, saliva or semen. This sample provides the profile of the individual. This collected sample is then analyzed to create individual DNA profile using number of techniques including the most proven STR analysis which uses the highly polymorphic regions. Such profile is compared with another sample to determine whether there a genetic match. Sothern blot analysis is also been applied for such profiling process.

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Keywords : DNA Testing, Paternity Testing, DNA Profiling,

Category : Health and Fitness : Health and Fitness

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