Belgrade:From Turkish Province To City Of The Future Of Southeast Europe

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Belgrade:From Turkish Province To City Of The Future Of Southeast Europe – Part 2

Posted On : Aug-08-2010 | seen (2998) times | Article Word Count : 690 |

Belgrade is nominated for City of Future in Southeast Europe in 2006. Find out more about its developing through the centuries.

Along the other side of the river, Zemun became a border town on Austrian dominion. Zemun acquired special position inside the military border area and as such these circumstances allowed its economy, made up of primarily trade, crafts, transportation and fishing, to grow.
In 1789, Belgrade was seized in the final Turkish and Austrian war. Signing the peace treaty in 1791, Janissaries were disallowed to get in the pashadom and the Austrians moved back to Zemun. In 1801, Mustafa Pasha was assassinated and Janissaries expanded their command over the town and the besieging settlements. A time of anarchy ensued during which they were responsible for avid ferocity and pillaging. This time period of lawlessness climaxed in the massacre of Serbian dukes and some other eminent citizenry, carried out by the Janissaries, eliciting a rebellion.

The growth of a Serbian national consciousness and the events encompassing the massacre of Serbian dukes resulted in Karađorđe heading the First Serbian Uprising of 1804, with the intent of freeing Belgrade. After 2 years of fight, Karađorđe and his twenty-five thousand followers set Belgrade free in 1806 and then the fortress in 1807, both of which they came up to have suffered large damage. Belgrade became the capital of all the freshly liberated regions of Serbia and a symbolic representation of the Serbian people's tradition of freedom. After reconstructing it became a significant economic, craft and cultural centre. In 1807, the Serbian government was placed in Belgrade and from 1811 the first ministries were constituted. Eminent people and intellectuals, including Sima Milutinović and Dositej Obradović, who constituted the first High School in 1808, arrived to Belgrade from Vojvodina and other regions.
The Turkish conquest in 1813 disrupted Belgrade's active growth, and the repression that came after led to another uprising in 1815. Prince Miloš Obrenović, who headed the uprising, handled to bring negotiations that are more diplomatic into relations with the Turks. By allowing special privileges, he enticed many Serbs to depart the south and relocate to Belgrade, while the Turks sold-out their houses and land for far lower price than they were worth. The Turks kept a hold of the fort, while the town consisted of Serbs. Important buildings, such as the Princess Ljubica residency, the Cathedral (Saborna crkva) and the palace at Topčider were constructed during these years. In addition to its economic function, Belgrade became a important cultural centre as well. A printing house was relocated from Kragujevac to Belgrade in 1835 and the newspaper "Novine srpske" printing and the Theological School (Bogoslovija) and the first secondary school ('gimnazija' - gymnasium) were opened. The town became a stronghold for the creative persons of the time such as Vuk Karadžić, Sterija Popović, Joakim Vujić and Dimitrije Davidović.
The presence of the Turkish army in the fort was an obstruction to Belgrade's development. However, during a bombing of the town, the Turks killed a Serbian boy at the infamous Chukur Fountain (Čukur česma), which was the cornerstone for the beginning of negotiations on the lasting retreat of the Turks from Serbian towns. After 346 years of rule, the Turks retreated from Belgrade on April 18, 1867. Belgrade was freed with a symbolic handing-over of the keys, when Serbian soldiers substituted the Turkish guards, as the Serbian flag was lifted next to the Turkish flag. Prince Mihailo Obrenović moved the capital from Kragujevac to Belgrade. This provided the fuel for the town's quickened economical and cultural growth.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, urban planning gave Belgrade a European appearance. Knez Mihaila street (ulica Kneza Mihaila) became the central focus of the city, as it was the shortest link between the fort and the town, and rapidly became the primary trade and business area, which it persists nowadays. Traditional crafts were substituted by industry and the construction of the Belgrade-Niš railroad in 1884 reinforced trade and transport. Electricity was brought in to the city, alongside tramways and a steamboat society. Significant scientific and cultural institutions were also constituted in Belgrade, such as the High School (Velika škola) in 1863 and the National Theatre (Narodno pozorište) in 1869.

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<h1>Belgrade:From Turkish Province To City Of The Future Of Southeast Europe – Part 2</h1> Author: <a href='http://www.articleseen.com/profile_Alex.aspx'>Alex</a> Along the other side of the river, Zemun became a border town on Austrian dominion. Zemun acquired special position inside the military border area and as such these circumstances allowed its economy, made up of primarily trade, crafts, transportation and fishing, to grow. 
In 1789, Belgrade was seized in the final Turkish and Austrian war. Signing the peace treaty in 1791, Janissaries were disallowed to get in the pashadom and the Austrians moved back to Zemun. In 1801, Mustafa Pasha was assassinated and Janissaries expanded their command over the town and the besieging settlements. A time of anarchy ensued during which they were responsible for avid ferocity and pillaging. This time period of lawlessness climaxed in the massacre of Serbian dukes and some other eminent citizenry, carried out by the Janissaries, eliciting a rebellion.

The growth of a Serbian national consciousness and the events encompassing the massacre of Serbian dukes resulted in Karađorđe heading the First Serbian Uprising of 1804, with the intent of freeing Belgrade. After 2 years of fight, Karađorđe and his twenty-five thousand followers set Belgrade free in 1806 and then the fortress in 1807, both of which they came up to have suffered large damage. Belgrade became the capital of all the freshly liberated regions of Serbia and a symbolic representation of the Serbian people's tradition of freedom. After reconstructing it became a significant economic, craft and cultural centre. In 1807, the Serbian government was placed in Belgrade and from 1811 the first ministries were constituted. Eminent people and intellectuals, including Sima Milutinović and Dositej Obradović, who constituted the first High School in 1808, arrived to Belgrade from Vojvodina and other regions.
The Turkish conquest in 1813 disrupted Belgrade's active growth, and the repression that came after led to another uprising in 1815. Prince Miloš Obrenović, who headed the uprising, handled to bring negotiations that are more diplomatic into relations with the Turks. By allowing special privileges, he enticed many Serbs to depart the south and relocate to Belgrade, while the Turks sold-out their houses and land for far lower price than they were worth. The Turks kept a hold of the fort, while the town consisted of Serbs. Important buildings, such as the Princess Ljubica residency, the Cathedral (Saborna crkva) and the palace at Topčider were constructed during these years. In addition to its economic function, Belgrade became a important cultural centre as well. A printing house was relocated from Kragujevac to Belgrade in 1835 and the newspaper "Novine srpske" printing and the Theological School (Bogoslovija) and the first secondary school ('gimnazija' - gymnasium) were opened. The town became a stronghold for the creative persons of the time such as Vuk Karadžić, Sterija Popović, Joakim Vujić and Dimitrije Davidović.
The presence of the Turkish army in the fort was an obstruction to Belgrade's development. However, during a bombing of the town, the Turks killed a Serbian boy at the infamous Chukur Fountain (Čukur česma), which was the cornerstone for the beginning of negotiations on the lasting retreat of the Turks from Serbian towns. After 346 years of rule, the Turks retreated from Belgrade on April 18, 1867. Belgrade was freed with a symbolic handing-over of the keys, when Serbian soldiers substituted the Turkish guards, as the Serbian flag was lifted next to the Turkish flag. Prince Mihailo Obrenović moved the capital from Kragujevac to Belgrade. This provided the fuel for the town's quickened economical and cultural growth.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, urban planning gave Belgrade a European appearance. Knez Mihaila street (ulica Kneza Mihaila) became the central focus of the city, as it was the shortest link between the fort and the town, and rapidly became the primary trade and business area, which it persists nowadays. Traditional crafts were substituted by industry and the construction of the Belgrade-Niš railroad in 1884 reinforced trade and transport. Electricity was brought in to the city, alongside tramways and a steamboat society. Significant scientific and cultural institutions were also constituted in Belgrade, such as the High School (Velika škola) in 1863 and the National Theatre (Narodno pozorište) in 1869.

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